"Green" is the big
trend in homes right now, but you're forgiven if you're still
not sure exactly what that means. A home with solar panels,
a composting toilet and energy-conserving, water-miser Energy Star appliances may sound like an easy call. What about a
larger home with traditional heating and electrical systems that
also has low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) paint, drapes and
carpets that don't outgas? Or is building green as simple as
building smaller?
Actually, any of the above would be a step
in the right direction. Going green can mean anything from where
and how you build a home to the appliances and materials you
pick, to strategies for cutting water and energy waste.
It is possible to be a little bit green. Everything
helps, even if you simply choose a floor of sustainable bamboo
instead of Brazilian rain-forest cherry or a kitchen countertop
of recycled glass tiles rather than marble or granite. Not only
will you help the planet, but doing so often helps your own bottom
line through lower energy bills and your home's potentially higher
resale value.
As Green as You Want to Be
The average household spends $1,500 a year
on energy. A green-certified building, on the other hand, uses
32% less electricity, 26% less natural gas and 36% less total
energy. As energy prices rise, so do the savings.
You can begin just about anywhere, big or
small, and many improvements can be done without breaking your
bank. You could, for example:
Reduce light pollution;
Prevent pollution during construction;
Maximize open space on your land;
Collect rainwater for irrigation;
Install renewable energy sources like a wind generator
or solar panels;
Cut energy use with insulation and a highly efficient furnace
and appliances;
Build storage for recyclables;
Restore wildlife habitat;
Build new while incorporating the walls, roof or floor
of an older building;
Buy products made of recycled materials; and
Use certified (sustainably harvested) wood products.
You'll be happy to know that some of the best
investments are also the easiest to implement. These four will
give you the most return for the money spent:
Replace incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent
bulbs. They last seven or eight years and use less energy,
saving about $100 per year in electricity. Cost: $2 and up.
Install a timer on your lights and heating-and-cooling
system so you can program your home to consume less energy
when you're gone or sleeping. Cost: roughly $30.
Put aerators on faucets to dramatically reduce water use.
Find them at hardware stores for about $3 each.
Caulk and weather-strip air leaks around windows, doors
and other places where the wall is penetrated. Cost: Roughly
$5 for a 10-ounce tube.
How to Get Your Green Home
For larger remodeling projects or for new-home
construction, you'd ideally work with professionals experienced
in green-home building. In this still-young industry, there is
no national directory of green building programs or builders.
But the National Association of Home Builders has certified 300
to 400 builders in green building practices. You can use the
NAHB site to educate yourself and find a local
home builders association that may steer you to local builders
with a background in green building.
APS Inspection Service advises homeowners
to begin by finding competent builders, then interview several
to gauge their interest and experience in green building.
Talk to the builder about their experience
level with green building, the types of projects they've done,
the number of projects they've done. There are plenty of competent
builders that haven't had the right client to push them into
a green project. They might not have a lot of examples of green
projects they've done but that doesn't mean they can't build
that way.
Listed below are some great tips to
follow:
Check references. Ask builders for names of homeowners,
architects and engineers they have worked with. Interview
references about the quality of the builder's work, which
green solutions were used, how well these worked, how receptive
the builder was to them and whether the job site was well
organized and tidy -- a clue to the overall safety, organization
and management of waste and recycling.
Ask about costs and schedules. Ask if a builder typically
stays on budget and on schedule, two sources of client-builder
conflict. Projects can run from zero to 20% over budget.
Learn the amounts of cost overruns and what caused them.
All in all, the Green Building Council figures most new green
homes cost roughly the same as non-green homes, though going
all-out can add 2% to 5% or more to your construction bill.
Research a builder's communication style. A good builder
spends time on pre-construction planning, forecasts upcoming
decisions well ahead and communicates early, helping to contain
costs while making a project greener. Your contribution is
to have a detailed plan and stick to it. For example, after
your foundation is poured, your project will screech to an
expensive halt if you haven't already chosen a heating system.
Your green options -- radiant-floor heat, for instance, or
certain high-insulation foundations -- will be limited and
you'll feel pressure to pick the quickest, not the most-economical,
solution. Also, inefficiency on the work site runs up costs.
The argument that green building is more expensive is more
likely to be true if you are making decisions at the last
minute. The more time one has in a project to make decisions,
the more opportunities there are to build in green features,
reduce costs or save waste.
Your green seal of approval
If you want to get a green stamp of approval
for all your efforts -- which could pay you back down the road
with a higher resale value -- you'll need to follow the guidelines
or checklists from a national or local program.
There are dozens of these programs around
the country usually run by homebuilders' associations or utility
companies. All of them set goals for conservation in site planning,
water, energy, indoor air quality and materials. For example,
Built Green's checklist
for new houses includes keeping 30% of a site's trees, preserving
native vegetation and refraining from clearing or grading during
wet weather.
In addition, the National Association of Home
Builders has written green
home-building guidelines and is working on a national
green building standard, and the U.S.
Green Building Council has launched its LEED (Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design) certification program, still
in the pilot stage. It lets builders and homeowners get a house
certified to one of four levels of environmental integrity. The
standards are much like the checklists and guidelines at local
and regional programs but LEED is tougher than most other programs,
and it's alone in requiring an independent inspection. So far,
just 145 homes -- most are on the East and West coasts -- have
earned LEED certificates.
True, there's some extra effort and expense
involved in going green, but people living in green homes say
it's worthwhile: In a survey of green-home owners by the National
Association of Home Builders and McGraw-Hill Construction, 85%
said they were more satisfied with their green home than with
previous, traditional houses. And of course, there's the monthly
bonus of lower utility bills.
For more information on green building,
check out the following:
Colorado Built Green lists state
energy organizations that can lead you to green professionals
in your state.
Denver's American Institute of Architects committee on
the environment offers a sustainable
design resource that tells how to evaluate materials,
process and home furnishings in every phase of construction
for environmental effects.
The (sixth edition) GreenSpec
Directory lists some 2,000 green building products,
screened by editors of Environmental Building News monthly
newsletter. Download
back issues for free from 1992 to the present.