What has no smell, no taste, and no color?
What kills hundreds of people each year, including adults, pregnant
women, and children? What causes many thousands to be hospitalized?
What is difficult to diagnose because of its many symptoms, many
of them similar to the common flu? What results in newspaper
and television headlines like these throughout the year?
Lancaster,Ohio: Man dead.
Logan,Ohio: Man dead in car.
Columbus,Ohio: Two dead.
Vancouver British Columbia: One-hundred children
and adults sent to hospitals.
The answer is carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide
poisoning. Between 1990 and 1999, more than 500 people died of
carbon monoxide poisoning. More than half of all carbon monoxide
incidents occur in our homes. The common factors whether in homes,
schools, or businesses in these illnesses and deaths are fireplaces
and gas-using appliances.
Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of burning
organic materials, including non-gas fuels such as coal, wood,
oil and paraffin. Poisoning results from faulty heating systems,
improper installations, poor ventilation, or improperly using
appliances. Some poisonings and deaths occur when outdoor appliances
are brought inside to heat homes during emergencies or to supplement
traditional heating systems during extreme cold spells. In one
unusual case, death was caused when a person used a charcoal
grill in his bathroom while relaxing in a whirlpool bathtub.
Many lives could be saved and injuries prevented
if the public knew both how to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning
and how to recognize the symptoms. Common symptoms include headache,
dizziness, irritability, confusion and memory loss, disorientation,
nausea and vomiting, abnormal reflexes, difficulty in coordination,
breathing difficulty and chest pain.
If many household members or co-workers have
the same symptoms at the same time, carbon monoxide poisoning
should be one of the suspect causes. Prolonged exposure to low
levels of carbon monoxide, or short-term exposure to high levels,
can result in coma, physical injury and death. Those most at
risk include the elderly, pregnant women, newborn and young children,
and those with compromised immune systems, such HIV infection
or major surgery.
These illnesses and deaths can be easily prevented
by installing carbon monoxide alarms. Safety officials recommend
a digital model that can determine the carbon monoxide content
in the air, which provides both a visual and audible warning.
If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, turn off all heating
appliances, open doors and windows, move any victims to fresh
air, and contact emergency personnel and your utility company.
Your local Certified Home Inspector and the
National Association of Certified Home Inspectors recommends
the following:
Have appliances checked each year by a competent professional,
preferably before the heating season.
Ensure that your home is properly ventilated. Never block
vents, doors or windows. Multi-pane vinyl windows are susceptible
to excessive sticking if not opened regularly, so open all
windows weekly to be sure that they can be opened easily
in an emergency. Have fireplaces and chimneys cleaned and
inspected yearly.
Have carbon monoxide alarms installed in bedrooms, each
floor of multi-story buildings, and in any cozy rooms where
one might fall asleep, such as a den with a fireplace, comfortable
chair and audio/visual systems.
Buy carbon monoxide alarms with a minimum sensitivity of
30 ppm and with no time delay.
Install at least two carbon monoxide alarms to provide
backup protection if one fails. Some carbon monoxide alarms
can be plugged into electric outlets.
Write your local, state, and federal legislators
and ask them to sponsor legislation requiring both carbon monoxide
alarms and smoke alarms whenever real estate is transferred to
a new owner.
Remember: You can't see it, smell it, or taste
it! So have carbon monoxide alarms installed to detect it. They
can save your life and the lives of your loved ones.
Before Lighting a Fire
The nights are getting colder, and you're
thinking about lighting a cozy fire. Read the information below
before you strike that match. Although you might be thinking
about using your fireplace to cut down on your heating bills,
many fireplaces can actually remove more heat from a house than
they produce. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, a typical
vertical-back fireplace with an open front is at best 10 percent
efficient in converting fuel to energy and delivering it to a
room. The rest of your fuel dollars escape up the chimney. Fireplaces
pull cold air into the house from small gaps around windows and
doors. Also, most fireplaces are inappropriately situated on
exterior walls. The large mass of masonry that makes up most
fireplaces are poor thermal insulators and readily conduct room
heat to the outdoors in cold weather. One simple and very inexpensive
tip is to use flue sealers. Even brand-new dampers may not close
tightly or become warped after the first hot fire. They may even
be installed incorrectly. You can use inflatable draft stoppers
that you insert into the flue and inflate when not using your
fireplace. The web site states that a less expensive solution
is to use an old foam rubber seat cushion or pillow: Place it
in a heavy plastic bag, and insert this into the flue. Be careful
with this, though-attach a long red tail to it to remind you
it's there so you remove it before building a fire. Wood-burning
appliances and fireplaces also may emit large quantities of air
pollutants that can jeopardize health. Wood smoke contains hundreds
of chemical compounds, including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide,
organic gases, and particulates. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous
gas that has no color and no odor. It replaces oxygen in the
blood, leading to suffocation and probable death. The U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention states that particles released
from fuels that are not completely burned can irritate or damage
lung tissue. These pollutants attach to microscopic particles
that are inhaled and carried deep into the lungs, where they
are lodged, causing extensive damage. Particles from combustion
as well as other airborne particles can cause or contribute to
asthma and restrictive airway diseases. Try out the new Java-Log
made from recycled coffee grounds. Voted one of Time magazine's
Coolest Inventions of 2003, the logs burn up to three hours,
save trees, and have a faint, sweet aroma rather than the chemical
smell associated with most manufactured logs. According to testing
from Omni Consulting Service, the logs have significantly fewer
emissions than firewood-96 percent less residue after combustion,
85 percent less carbon monoxide, 86 percent less creosote deposits,
and 31 percent less particulate matter